2^nd World Congress on Traditional and Complementary Medicine June 20-21, 2019 MENA Plaza Hotel Albarsha | Dubai, UAE

Traditional Medicine also is known as indigenous or folk medicine is the use of medicinal plants and plant products for the treatment and cure of diseases from centuries before the development of modern medicine. It is defined as the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. In some countries, people still rely on traditional medicine practices for their primary health care need. Traditional medicines practices include traditional European medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Korean medicine, traditional African medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha medicine, Unani, ancient Iranian Medicine, Iranian (Persian), Islamic medicine, Muti, and Ifá.

Phytochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with plants and plant products. It is the study of the phytochemicals the chemicals derived from the plants. The techniques commonly used in this field are extraction, isolation, and structural elucidation of natural products and chromatography techniques. The applications of the Phytochemistry can be for Pharmacognosy, or the discovery of new drugs, or as an aid for plant physiology studies. The importance of the vegetation in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of these chemical materials have been discussed with admire to the position of this vegetation in Ethnomedicine in all over the world. New technologies such as plant barcoding and principal component analysis, are being deployed in the development of strategies to provide an evidence base for the quality, safety, and efficacy of traditional medicines to improve health care.

Tribal medicine is a part of the indigenous medicine and is used by tribal in the forest. It is the little traditional medicine or the folk streams. The tribal medicine is also known as the ethnomedicine. From the ancient era the people especially the tribal have known the use of the herbs and roots for the healing purpose. There is an estimation of 25,000 plants used as the tribal medicinal plants. This empirical knowledge of tribal medicine is shared by word by mouth. Out of the 2000 drug items recorded in the Indian Materia Medica, 1800 are of plant origin. Therefore 80% of the raw materials required in the manufacture of drugs are forest-based. Therefore it can be a foundation for the development of the innovation of therapeutic drugs.

Unani also was known as Yunani medicine, Unani Tibb, Arabian medicinal drug, or Islamic remedy, is actually a Greek medicine which was considered to be traditional medicine by Persians and Arabs. It is practiced mostly in South Asia and modern central Asia. According to Unani, the management of any disease depends upon the diagnosis of the disease. Though Unani medicine was practiced by Muslim medicine men commonly known as Hakims, it is mostly based on herbal medicine, different minerals and metals like gold, silver iron, copper etc. Also depends upon indigenous mineral abstracts like snake venom, juice extracted from liver and kidneys of monkeys, goats and other cattle and birds. Plants extracts like honey, herbs, and fruits as well as flowers and seeds of medicinal plants are also used in the Unani system of medicine.

Ayurveda is believed to be originated in the Indian subcontinent. The main classical Ayurveda text is believed to be derived from gods to sages and the to human physicians. It is 5000 years old culture which is originated from the Vedic culture. Ayurveda is now practiced globally and has got a great demand for the cure and wellness. Ayurveda Recognises human beings as part of nature. It governs the three fundamental energies of our inner and outer environment that is movement, transformation, and structure. They are commonly known in Sanskrit as Vata (Wind), Pitta (Fire), and Kapha (Earth). However, in Ayurveda, it is said that these are the three forces that characterize the body and mind. Ayurveda also focuses on exercise, yoga, and meditation.

Homeopathy treats the patient with medicines using the Law of Similar. In contrast, the law of opposite is treated by antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics. Homeopathic theories are based on fixed principles and do not change. In Homeopathy the homeopathic practitioner treats the whole person, believing all symptoms are interrelated and seeks to select a medicine which most closely covers them all. There is more than 4000 homeopathic medicine which has no toxic or side effects, as well they are not addictive. Homeopathic medicine is made using one product that is either plant, metal, mineral, etc. The Royal Families use homeopathic medicine and Queen Elizabeth II of England believes and uses the same for her treatment.

Naturopathy is a form of alternative and complementary medicine. It employs an array of pseudoscientific practices branded as natural, non-invasive, and as promoting self-healing. Its ideology is based on folk medicine rather than evidence-based medicine. Many naturopaths do treatment such as diet, herbs, fasting, and colonic irrigation that are said to “detoxify” the body and lead to improved health. Naturopathy helps in the holistic treatment that helps the body to cure innately and restore the optimal health and helps in self-healing. Naturopathy is viewed as a whole system medicinal practice.

Siddha medicine is an ancient form traditional medicine originated in South India and Sri Lanka. The practiser of Siddha medicine is called as Siddhar who laid the foundation for the system. Siddhar is considered to possess ashta siddhis, or the eight supernatural powers. In the Siddha medicine system, diet and lifestyle play a major role in health and curing diseases. This is termed as pathiyam and apathiyam, which is essentially a list of do's and don'ts.

Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine with thin needles inserted into the body. It is the key form of Traditional Chinese medicine. Acupuncture is completely based on pseudoscience. It is mostly used for pain relief also have other benefits. It is generally used in combination with other forms of treatment. Acupuncture is safe when done by experts by using clean and one time use needles. It helps in the treatment of pain, headaches, blood pressure problems, and whooping cough, mental illness among others. Inserting needles into the specific points with appropriate combinations are said to bring the energy flow back into proper balance. acupuncture has been proven effective for the treatment of high and low blood pressure, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, some gastric conditions, including peptic ulcer, painful periods, dysentery, allergic rhinitis, facial pain, morning sickness, rheumatoid arthritis, sprains, tennis elbow, sciatica, dental pain, reducing the risk of stroke,inducing labor and many more.

Traditional Chinese medicine is an ancient form of traditional medicine that developed 2500 years ago by the Chinese medical practice and uses the herbal medicine, massage, exercise, acupuncture, dietary therapy with an influence of modern western medicine. One main belief in Chinese traditional medicine is that the body’s vital energy circulates through channels called meridians that are connected to body organ and related to functions it is determined as Qi. Yin and Yang are opposites that describe the qualities of Qi.

Chiropractic and osteopathic medicine is a nonsurgical treatment option for patients with back pain. Chiropractors and osteopathic doctors decrease low back pain by mobilizing joints in the lumbar spine through manipulations that can be described as an adjustment. Chiropractic and osteopathic medicine help to relieve pain in the facet joint injuries, osteoarthritis, and sacroiliac joint dysfunction, as these are joint dysfunction that responds well to mobilization. Chiropractors help treat subluxation which manipulates the spine. It is caused due to the altered positioning of the vertebra and subsequent function loss.

Yoga practice is a way of life that aims to remove obstacles and suffering from life to attain the highest spiritual goal ‘Samadhi’ or self-realization or union with higher consciousness. Yoga is not only about stretching and physical exercise. Yoga is practiced for the everyday living in spiritual harmony. It is a holistic approach to healthy living. It helps to connect mind, body, and spirit. It also improves daily living habits, helps to build better relations and in circulatory, respiratory, hormonal, digestive, excretory etc. It helps to achieve peace of mind, emotional and mental stability. Meditation doesn’t include any exercise or bodily movements. A person sits in a particular posture and concentrates on the significant object, sound, breathe to focus the energy within the body. It helps you gain your inner peace, and improves your stability, thought process and relieves stress.

The impact and increase in the HIV/AIDS and shortage of medication and resource for the treatment have increased the use of herbal medicine. According to WHO, 4 billion people use herbal medicine for the primary health care management. The use of traditional herbal medicine by AIDS patients after HIV diagnosis was first found to study in Uganda. Antiretroviral therapy which is a therapy to fight against the HIV causing virus is reported to use herbs to decrease the negative side effects of the virus and drugs. It helps in dermatological disorders, nausea, depression, insomnia, and weakness.

Pharmacognosy is the science of biogenic or nature-derived pharmaceuticals and poisons that have been an established basic pharmaceutical science for over centuries. Although all pharmacognosy depends on plants and plant products some also depend upon various types of microbes and marine plants and organisms. Pharmacognosy includes a broad spectrum of biological subjects, including botany, ethnobotany, marine biology, microbiology, herbal medicine, chemistry, biotechnology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, clinical pharmacy, and pharmacy practice. The part of pharmacognosy which focuses on the use of crude extracts or semi-pure mixtures originating from nature is called as phytotherapy. It is the study of the scientific method and clinical use of herbal medicine.

Traditional Korean medicine has developed from traditional Chinese medicine but has developed different distinctive features. During the tenth century, Chinese medicine was introduced in Korea but the Koreans have started to develop their own medicinal practice. Hence the traditional Korean medicine has come into practice at around 5000 years ago. The main techniques of Traditional Korean Medicine consist of medicinal treatment, acupuncture, and Sasang constitutional medicine. Of all these Sasang are a unique technique and a major treatment regime in Traditional Korean medicine. In traditional Korean medicine, the key process is to observe natural physical functions as they appear in order to analyze an illness or disorder instead of going deep into by dissection, analysis, and experimentation. Experimental and genetic studies of TKM have indicated linkage with pharmacogenomics.

Though traditional medicine has come into existence and practice it has some ethical issues which are to be considered for global health recognition. The use of traditional medicine has come into existence in the developing as well as the developed countries with the increased expression of safety, efficacy, quality, availability, preservation, and further development problems of these herbal products. It has become more popular in today’s world in the need for natural remedies. In Africa, 80% of the population rely on the Traditional and Herbal Medicine for their primary health care need.

Neutraceuticals are any food or food supplements that offer a medical or health benefit beyond the purpose of nutrition and also help to avoid the recurring disease and for the process of cure. The products range from proteins, vitamins, minerals, pure compounds and capsules which are naturally based, tablets, and foods that contain fortified bioactive ingredients. The preparations containing phytochemical from a variety of botanical sources that influence the function of the skin and also provide nutrients for the healthy skin and hair is called as herbal cosmetics.

Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine has emerged as a distinct field of health care.

Sports chiropractic is a specialty of chiropractic. It generally requires post-graduate coursework and a certification or diplomate status granted by a credentialing agency recognized in a practitioner's region. Assessment and diagnosis of sports-related injuries by a sports chiropractor involves a physical exam and sometimes imaging studies. Treatment is described as noninvasive and can include joint manipulations as well as recommendations for exercises designed to improve strength, flexibility, and range of motion.

Ethnopharmacology is the study of different medicinal plants products in a specific group or in response to drugs by a different culture. It focuses on the use of traditional medicine in local communities and also commercial application. Many valuable drugs of today such as atropine, ephedrine, tubocurarine, digoxin, reserpine came into use through the study of indigenous remedies. Ethnopharmacology is based on the combination of the chemical, biological, and pharmacological sciences, which are a useful tool for natural product-based drug discovery.

Complementary Medicines can be defined as a group of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques or methods that are used together with conventional medicine. However, it is different from alternative medicine. The difference between complementary and alternative medicine is that Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine whereas alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine. A subcommittee of the P&T committee of IMCO has developed a CAM guide which is widely accepted by pharmacists and physicians. A CAM guide is made available online to download and to the handheld device.

Becoming a nurse is one of the most selfless acts a person can undertake. In a society of so many different races, cultures, customs, and beliefs, nurses are a universal gift to all, and the dedicated work that they do and kindness they deliver on a daily basis should serve as a reminder of the fundamental humanity inside us all. Behind the scrubs and lab coats is an army of dedicated professionals that deserve to be celebrated.